No. WA’s child employment laws do not apply if a child is employed in a family business.

• A family business means a business, trade or occupation carried on by a parent or other relative of the child.
• A parent is a person who has responsibility for the long-term or the day-to-day care, welfare and development of the child.
• A relative of a child is the child’s grandparent, step parent, sibling, uncle or aunt, or cousin.

The minimum age is 13 years.

Yes.  You may only employ a child aged 13 or 14 in your business once you have a parent’s written permission. A parent is a person who has responsibility for the long-term or the day-to-day care, welfare and development of the child.

A template parental permission form is available. 

The Children and Community Services Act does not specify the type of work a child may do in a shop, restaurant, fast food or takeaway food business.

However, the Department of Community Services can issue a notice to an employer placing limits on what work a child is allowed to do, if it is considered that the work or the nature of the work carried out is harmful to the child’s wellbeing, including their health and safety.  Such a notice can be issued in relation to the employment of any child under the age of 18 years.

Yes.  For the purpose of the child employment laws, the word ‘employ’ includes engaging a child to carry out work for which they do not receive any payment or other reward.

There are also laws regarding the requirement to pay any employee, including children, for work performed.  

Yes.  For the purpose of the child employment laws, the word ‘employ’ includes engaging a child as a contractor.

Yes.  The penalties are:

• employing a child without the permission of a parent – a fine of up to $24,000 or $120,000 for a corporation
• employing a child before 6am or after 10pm – a fine of up to $24,000 or $120,000 for a corporation
• continuing to employ a child in contravention of a notice from the Department of communities which has placed limits on what work a child is allowed to do in your business – a fine of up to $36,000 or $180,000 for a corporation, and 3 years’ imprisonment.

You should keep:

• a record of the time a child aged under 15 years started and finished work each day so you can demonstrate that they have not been employed before 6am or after 10pm
• a copy of a parent’s written permission for their child aged under 15 years to work for your business so you can demonstrate that they have been employed with a parent’s permission.

The following Acts contain general employment record keeping requirements:

• Industrial Relations Act 1979 – these requirements apply to employees covered by WA awards and agreements
• Minimum Conditions of Employment Act 1993 – these requirements apply to employees in the state industrial relations system who are not covered by a WA award or agreement
• Fair Work Act 2009 – these requirements apply to employees covered by the national industrial relations system and by national modern awards and agreements.

State system employers should visit the Record Keeping Requirements page on this website for information on record keeping requirements under the Industrial Relations Act and the Minimum Conditions of Employment Act for state system employers. 

National system employers should visit www.fairwork.gov.au for information on record keeping obligations under the Fair Work Act. 

Yes.  Under the School Education Act 1999 a person must not employ a child of compulsory school age during the hours when the child is required to attend school or otherwise participate in an educational programme of a school.

There are certain exceptions where a child can be working, or working and studying, if the child has been exempted from attending school. The school the child attends or the relevant regional education office can be contacted for more information. 

Yes. Please visit the Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries website www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au for information on employing children on licenced premises.

Conducting a self-audit will assist retail and food industry employers to ensure all employment arrangements comply with the child employment laws and may avoid significant penalties for breaching the Children and Community Services Act.

Wageline’s Self-Audit Checklist is a tool to help employers operating a shop or restaurant, (including a fast food or a takeaway food business) to conduct a self-audit of compliance with the child employment laws.  

You can contact Wageline on 1300 655 266 with queries about Western Australia’s child employment laws.